The 6080 tube socket is keyed and the tube should be keyed at the base and only go into the socket one way. Sometimes the key may be chipped off in which case, yes, pin orientation would matter.
Im not an expert here but I would suggest double checking the orientation of the diodes (terminals 18 - 21). Also, double check your transformer wiring between transformer terminals 6,7 and 9,10. You probably didnt short your meter probe to ground at 20 so it was probably at 21 or off the diode lead that attaches at 21. I would think that it may be possible that you blew that diode. But again, not being an expert I dont know for sure or what else might be suspect. If it is only the diode/diodes, I believe that Rat Shack carries the 4007's. But Doc or others will offer more definitive advice. Mine should just be food for thought ... mainly, double check the diode orientation. Also, the fuse included with the kit is a slow blo type if I am not mistaken. Im not sure if a fast acting fuse would be ok even if everything was fine with the amp.