Hello Desmund,
Yes, different values and types of capacitors at the output will change the charging characteristics of the amplifier.
If you find that your modifications cause that charging voltage to be a little too high, you can decrease the value of that resistor. Decreasing this resistance will also decrease the overall load presented to the cathode follower, and this can eventually impact the sonic qualities of the amp. All of this, of course, entirely depends on the impedance of the headphones you are using.
-PB