I sincerely apologize if I sounded boisterous, I actually felt rather disappointed in my inability to truly analyze the circuit from my manual, and I asked my question after seeing another thread where you seeming made some great inferences to impedance changes quickly, it seemed like nothing short of pure experience and I simply wanted to also start to gain experience in tube audio design. I'm fascinated by tubes and older solid state audio but honestly I didn't get a degree from a top school. It's not a fly by night school but hardly anyone's heard of UCF. Basically, I'm very worried that I some how achieved my degree without learning anything. I only even mentioned it so that you would understand that I at least knew the basic physics behind current and voltage. I know how electrons flow and such. Honestly one thing that has always illuded me,bis feed back. What little I know about feedback is with active devices like opamps. How feed back works with tubes or transistor amplifiers is something I have been trying to understand, to no avail. I will be sure and look into those books!