From memory, 12 sounds right (- /striped leg of last PS cap I think) but Im assuming here that you are quoting the instructions correctly. If that's the case, there is no mistake in the instruction suggesting clipping the negative probe to terminal 12 for resistance and voltage readings. I think it is suggested to use T12 (rather than the ground lug bolted to the chassis) as that makes sure that 12 is correctly grounded whereas just clipping to the ground lug wouldnt assure that terminal 12 is grounded. But I am just assuming that is why 12 is suggested. Personally I found it an inconvienent place to clip so, again from memory, I believe that I tested 12 then clipped to the ground lug. Is it possible that your clip lead swung and shorted 12 to 13? If so, and it ran a while, it may be possible that a component was "weakened" and then gave out. But, I'll let the smarter folks chime in on whether that's possible and what is most likely if so.
My meter does strange things on some of the "rising" resistance checks. You may want to check voltages starting back at the supply ... diodes, first PS Cap etc. and see where you are. 1,2,4,5 are further down the line.