After a few days I can verify that the Chromebook will run Squeezeboxserver, Squeezelite, and Triode Spotify with no issues. Right now I'm starting all via command line but once the computer is started there's no compelling reason to reboot.
Only issue is that you have to do it all from Crouton (Ubuntu). Works perfect. Once in Crouton and set up you can switch back to Chrome and just use your laptop normally. Don't have to stay in Linux (unless you want to).