To test the headphone jack, I would short the two outputs together at the jack (the tip and the ring fed by the big output caps) to see if that produces output on both channels into your headphones.
If it does, your jack is OK and we can point you in a few other directions to test the rest of the circuit.
If you still get no output from that channel, then the jack can be singled out as the cause.
If you get no output from either channel, then you have a short to ground in the output wiring (extremely unlikely).
Give it a shot and let us know. If you don't have a clip lead, I will often times use a cut lead from a resistor as a temporary jumper.