Hi Joseph,
With the blob of varnish sanded down so the white plastic insert fits flush it should all go together for you?
The only bolt that is slightly short on mine was the one holding the earthing tab (closest to mains connector), its only about 2/3rds of the way through the nut, and that bolt was fitted without the locking ring sitting on the top plate. (seems odd to have it there anyway)
Also it can take a bit of wiggling to get the black fibre washers to sit down in the top panel, but once it there you shouldn't have any issues.
As for bolts sizes, unfortunately our American friends are yet to discover the metric system and refer to everything in relation to "almost, but not quite an inch" by odd number fractions of which divisions seems totally arbitrary. If i asked my local hardware shop for a "#8-32 x 1-3/4 screw" i would get bemused looks... If you really want to change it just replace the entire nut/bolt assembly with something metric that fits. I think 8.32 is UNC speak for M4 x 0.7 thread, and 1-3/4" is ~ 45mm, so add a bit of length and buy 50mm or 55mm.