I have 3 5998's, two variations. One is a grey plate, dual bottom D getter. The other two are black plates, dual top D getter. Sonically, they are the same. I had another variation with both top and bottom getters that was noisy. I have remained skeptical about any signifigant differences (sonic) between the 421A and the 5998 because of several reasons related mostly to internet "research". But, I fully admit to never owning a 421A so I could very well be wrong. But your photo of the Tungsol labeled 421A doesnt tend to change my thinking. The biggest "issue" that I have is that Ive seen several of both the 5998 and 421A tubes with different internal contruction from one another, respectively. The 5998's that I have/had that are different internally all sound essentially the same so it leaves me plenty skeptical enough to not have any desire to spend the money on a 421A. Again though, I could be wrong and will probably never know for sure unless a 421A basically dropped in my lap.
Very nice post BTW.